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Gilbert Stuart was born on this date in 1755.

Because he portrayed virtually all the notable men and women of the Federal period in the United States, Gilbert Stuart was declared the “Father of American Portraiture” by his contemporaries. Born in Rhode Island, the artist trained and worked in London, England, and Dublin, Ireland, from 1775 to 1793. He then returned to America with the specific intention of painting President Washington’s portrait.

Stuart resided in New York (1793-1795); Philadelphia (1795-1803), where he did his first portrait of George Washington; and the new capital at Washington, D.C. (1803-1805). In 1805 he settled in Boston and painted the Gibbs-Coolidge Set, the only surviving depiction of all five first presidents. Before his death at seventy-two, Stuart also taught many followers. A charming conversationalist, Stuart entertained his sitters during long hours of posing to sustain the fresh spontaneity of their expressions. To emphasize facial characterization, he eliminated unnecessary accessories and preferred dark, neutral backgrounds and simple, bust- or half-length formats.

Stuart often was irritatingly slow in completing commissions, in spite of his swift, bravura brushwork. Though he inevitably commanded high prices, Stuart lived on the verge of bankruptcy throughout his career because of his extravagant lifestyle and inept business dealings. In London, for instance, he had owned a carriage, an unheard-of presumption for a commoner. And Stuart’s years in Ireland, both coming and going, had been ploys to escape debtors’ prison.

National Gallery of Art

Andy Williams is 84. Williams headlined at Caesar’s Palace when it opened in 1966. That is, he was once a very big star.

Director Jean-Luc Godard is 81.

As a charter member of the Nouvelle Vague, Jean-Luc Godard was also arguably the most influential French filmmaker of the postwar era. Beginning with his groundbreaking 1959 feature debut A Bout de Souffle, Godard revolutionized the motion picture form, freeing the medium from the shackles of its long-accepted cinematic language by rewriting the rules of narrative, continuity, sound, and camera work. Later in his career, he also challenged the common means of feature production, distribution, and exhibition, all in an effort to subvert the conventions of the Hollywood formula to create a new kind of film.

All Movie Guide via NY Times

Ozzy Osbourne is 63.

Daryl Hannah is 51 today. So is Julianne Moore. Together they have four Oscar nominations, two for leading actress and two for supporting actress. All are Moore’s, of course.

Brendan Fraser is 43.

Sean Parker is 32 today. That’s the Napster/Plaxo/Facebook co-founder portrayed by Justin Timberlake in The Social Network. He’s a billionaire, perhaps the only one to graduate from Chantilly (Virginia) High School (1998). According to Wikipedia, Parker was earning $80,000 a year coding when he graduated. He skipped college.

George B. McClellan was born on this date in 1826. McClellan was the commander of Union forces in the east during much of the first two years of the War of the Rebellion. He loved to organize and feared to fight. McClellan was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for President in 1864, receiving 21 to Lincoln’s 212 electoral votes.

“Many say they would almost worship you, if you would put a fighting general in the place of McClellan. This would be splendid weather for an engagement.” Mary Todd Lincoln to Abraham Lincoln, November 2, 1862 — Lincoln removed McClellan November 7th

Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski was born on this date in 1857. Born in the Ukraine of Polish descent, Joseph Conrad learned English in the British merchant marine in his twenties. He began writing in the 1890s and published his first novel, Almayer’s Folly, in 1895. Lord Jim (1900) and Heart of Darkness (1902) are his most famous works.

In 1890, he captained a steamboat into the Congo, which was then the Belgian Congo, controlled by King Leopold II. He saw horrible atrocities there. People had been forced into slave labor camps, where many of them were abused and killed. He called it “the vilest scramble for loot that ever disfigured the history of the human conscience.”

He went back to England, settled in Kent, and never worked as a sailor again. He wrote adventure stories, and 10 years after returning from the Congo, he wrote Heart of Darkness (1902). It’s about a man’s journey down a river into the middle of Africa and about a powerful and mysterious trading agent named Kurtz. Kurtz has established himself as a god among the natives, surrounding his trading post with severed heads on stakes.

The Writer’s Almanac with Garrison Keillor (2010)

And Happy Birthday, David, good friend and esteemed colleague.

Five-time Tony winner (10 nominations), three-time Emmy winner (11 nominations), Grammy winner, Kennedy Center Honoree and Oscar nominee Julie Harris is 86 today. That’s her smooching James Dean in East of Eden (1955).

David Hackett Fischer is 76 today. The historian is author of the outstanding, Pulitizer-winning Washington’s Crossing, Paul Revere’s Ride, Champlain’s Dream, Albion’s Seed and Fairness and Freedom: A History of Two Open Societies: New Zealand and the United States, due out in February.

Senator Harry Reid is 72.

Monica Seles is 38.

Nelly Furtado is 33.

Britney Spears is 30.

Aaron Rodgers is 28.

Great Google doodle today.