The Bill of Rights

… was ratified by the eleventh state, Virginia, on this date in 1791, and thereby became part of the Constitution of the United States as its first ten amendments.

Originally 12 amendments were proposed to the legislatures of the 14 states by the First Congress. Numbers three through twelve were ratified, beginning with New Jersey in November 1789, and culminating with Virginia, the eleventh (i.e., three-quarters of the states), on this date in 1791. (The amendments were ultimately ratified by the remaining three legislatures of Massachusetts, March 2, 1939; Georgia, March 18, 1939; and Connecticut, April 19, 1939.)

The draft first amendment concerned the numbers of constituents for each representative. It has never been ratified. The draft second amendment was ratified by the required number of states in 1992. It took effect as Amendment XXVII (”No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.”)

The image is of the actual document with the 12 proposed amendments. Click image for larger version.

The Bill of Rights

Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment III
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Amendment VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Why I Still Respect LBJ

Despite Vietnam.

Charles P. Pierce explains (from a longer piece you should read!).

… [Attorney General Holder] gave his speech at the Lyndon B. Johnson Library in Austin. It so happens that it was on this very issue that LBJ gave the greatest speech given by an American president in my lifetime. Keep your “Ask Nots” and your shining cities on a damn hill; this was the real stuff — straight, no chaser. It came on March 15, 1965, in the aftermath of the bloody assault by Alabama law enforcement on the non-violent demonstrators who were attempting to march to Montgomery to demand their rights as citizens to vote for their leaders. These rights had been systematically denied for more than a century, often by force, but more often by the kind of bureaucratic trickeration and legal legerdemain that didn’t deny their rights outright, but that made it impossible for those people to exercise them. This always has been the subtle sabotage of the clever bigot. It came in a Southern accent, which was the most startling thing of all.

Johnson’s speech linked the civil-rights movement to Lexington and to Concord. It linked the freedom of black citizens to the freedom of all citizens. It called every bluff. It named every name. It brought every hidden sin into the light. It left no alibi standing. It closed every escape hatch. It asked America to be America, or to shut the hell up about it. …

“Every American citizen must have an equal right to vote.” LBJ March 15, 1965

Please, go read the whole essay. Please.

Stop American Censorship

Stop American Censorship

I’ve censored the following, in protest of a bill that gives any corporation and the US government the power to censor the internet–a bill that could pass THIS WEEK. To see the uncensored text, and to stop internet censorship, visit: http://americancensorship.org/posts/13645/uncensor

██████ ██████████ ████ at his █████ ██████ ████ on ████ ████ in ████ at the age of 67. █████████ to the ███████ of ████████, his ████ █████ ██████████ ████: “I ████ ██████ █████. I █████ you for ████ ██████████; but I ████ you to ████ no ████ ███████ █████ me. Let me go off ███████. I ██████ ████ ████.”

Screen Actors Guild Nominations

Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role

DEMIÁN BICHIR / Carlos Galindo – “A BETTER LIFE” (Summit Entertainment)
GEORGE CLOONEY / Matt King – “THE DESCENDANTS” (Fox Searchlight Pictures)
LEONARDO DiCAPRIO / J. Edgar Hoover – “J. EDGAR” (Warner Bros. Pictures)
JEAN DUJARDIN / George – “THE ARTIST” (The Weinstein Company)
BRAD PITT / Billy Beane – “MONEYBALL” (Columbia Pictures)

Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role

GLENN CLOSE / Albert Nobbs – “ALBERT NOBBS” (Roadside Attractions)
VIOLA DAVIS / Aibileen Clark – “THE HELP” (DreamWorks Pictures / Touchstone Pictures)
MERYL STREEP / Margaret Thatcher – “THE IRON LADY” (The Weinstein Company)
TILDA SWINTON / Eva – “WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT KEVIN” (Oscilloscope Laboratories)
MICHELLE WILLIAMS / Marilyn Monroe – “MY WEEK WITH MARILYN” (The Weinstein Company)

The Screen Actors Guild has the complete list.

December 14th

As predicted, Nostradamus was born on this date in 1503.

But who could have predicted that December 14th would also be the birthday

… of jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player Clark Terry, 91.

Clark Terry performed with Charlie Barnet (1947) and in Count Basie’s big band and small groups (1948-51) before beginning an important affiliation with Duke Ellington, which lasted from 1951 to 1959. During this period Terry took part in many of Ellington’s suites and acquired a lasting reputation for his wide range of styles (from swing to hard bop), technical proficiency, and infectious good humor. After leaving Ellington, he became a frequent performer in New York studios and a staff member of NBC; he appeared regularly on the Tonight Show, where his unique “mumbling” scat singing became famous.

PBS – JAZZ

… of Patty Duke. The Oscar-winning actress is 65.

… of Gabriella. Vanessa Hudgens is 23 today.

Best actress Oscar nominee for Days of Wine and Roses, Lee Remick was born on this date in 1935. She is often remembered too for her performance in the classic film Anatomy of a Murder. Miss Remick died of cancer in 1991.

Don Hewitt, the long-time producer of 60 Minutes was born on this date in 1922. He died in 2009.

Hewitt worked as a copyboy for a New York newspaper for 15 dollars a week, then got a job with a photo agency, and then got hired away by CBS radio — since he had experience with pictures and visual layout — to help produce the new television news programming that the network was trying to launch. It was all brand-new in the 1940s, and Hewitt remembers asking them “What-avision?” He went down to Grand Central Terminal in New York and up to the top floor to take a look at these “little pictures in a box” of which people spoke. He later reminisced, “They also had cameras and lights and makeup artists and stage managers and microphone booms just like in the movies, and I was hooked.” That year, in 1948, he began producing and directing an evening news broadcast for CBS, and he would later become the executive producer of the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

On September 24, 1968 Don Hewitt launched his investigative news magazine, 60 Minutes.

The Writer’s Almanac with Garrison Keillor (2009)

Ernie Davis, the first African-American to win the Heisman Trophy, was born on this date in 1939. Davis played for Syracuse — he was on their undefeated National Championship team as a sophomore in 1959 — and wore the same number as Jim Brown, 44. He was the number one pick in the 1962 NFL draft, selected by the Washington franchise. Davis was the first African-American drafted by the Washington team, and then only under pressure from Stewart Udall who, as Secretary of the Interior, controlled the stadium where the team played. Davis refused to play for Washington, hence the trade to Cleveland. During the summer of 1962 Davis was diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia; he died the following May.

Charlie Rich was born on December 14 in 1932. He is remembered best for his hits, “Behind Closed Doors” and “The Most Beautiful Girl.”

Spike Jones was born 100 years ago today as Lindley Armstrong Jones. With his band, the City Slickers, Jones was the known for his satires, most notably “Der Fuehrer’s Face”, “Cocktails for Two” and, of course, “All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth,” number one in 1948.

Frances Bavier was born on this date in 1902. You know, Aunt Bee. She won an Emmy for the role.

Margaret Chase Smith of Maine was the first woman elected to both the House and the Senate and the first whose name was put in nomination for president at a major party convention (Republican 1964).

Congressional Medal of Honor winner Jimmy Doolittle was born on this date in 1896. Doolittle led the daring bombing raid on Tokyo in April 1942. Sixteen B-25s from the U.S.S. Hornet did little damage, but the attack on the Japanese homeland was a major public relations and morale-boosting effort for U.S. forces just five months after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

George Washington died at his Mount Vernon home on this date in 1799 at the age of 67. According to the Library of Congress, his last words reportedly were: “I feel myself going. I thank you for your attentions; but I pray you to take no more trouble about me. Let me go off quietly. I cannot last long.”

100 years ago today Roald Amundsen, Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, and Oscar Wisting became the first individuals to reach the South Pole. See the NOAA South Pole Live Camera. Bustling place. It looks like they’ll be building a mall there soon.

It’s been 39 years to the day since man last walked on the Moon. Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt were the last, Apollo 17.

And it’s the birthday of Veronica. Happy Birthday, Veronica.

Line of the day

“The fact remains that the Congress of the United States has now has given authority to the President of the United States — any President of the United States including, theoretically, President Bachmann — the right to detain American citizens in military custody without trial, and without anything that Juan Peron would have recognized as due process.”

Charles P. Pierce

All Cell Phone Use. All.

“States should ban all driver use of cell phones and other portable electronic devices, except in emergencies, the National Transportation Board said Tuesday.

“The recommendation, unanimously agreed to by the five-member board, applies to both hands-free and hand-held phones and significantly exceeds any existing state laws restricting texting and cellphone use behind the wheel.”

Money quote:

“And what’s more, many drivers don’t think it’s dangerous when they do it; only when others do, the survey found.”

Today’s Birthday Boy

Mack is one of the two Sweeties older than this blog. He’s 11 today. Closing in on being a teenager. Happy Birthday, Mack.

Scroll over a photo to read the caption, or click an image for larger versions with captions.

Farolitos

Those bags with sand and candles that are a New Mexico Christmas Eve tradition; the correct name for them is farolitos.

Often farolitos are called luminarias. Lumanarias traditionally were actually small bonfires.

Farolitos (literally “little lanterns”) replaced lumanarias (“altar lamps”) as towns became more densely populated. The purpose of both was to light the path to midnight mass.

Farolitos are the coolest Christmas decoration ever, especially when whole neighborhoods line their sidewalks, driveways and even roof-lines with them. (Electric versions are common and can be found throughout the season. The real deal are candles and displayed only on Christmas Eve.)

Buy some sand (for ballast), some votive candles and some lunch bags and bring a beautiful New Mexico Christmas Eve tradition to your neighborhood this year. Get your neighbors to join you. You could become famous if it’s never been done in your area. And the kids love it.

December 13th

Today is the birthday

… of former Secretary of State George Schultz. He is 91 today.

… of Dick Van Dyke. Rob Petrie is 86. Nine Emmy nominations, four wins.

… of Christopher Plummer. Captain Georg von Trapp is 82. More recently Plummer has been in A Beautiful Mind, Syriana, The Lake House and the voice of the bad guy in Up. Six films in 2005, a couple more in 2006, four in 2007, three more in 2008, seven in 2009 counting voice-overs, and Oscar nomination for The Last Station in 2010. Keep up the good work, young man.

… of Ferguson Jenkins. The baseball hall-of-famer is 68.

Ferguson Jenkins Plaque

Canada’s first Hall of Fame member, Fergie Jenkins used pinpoint control and effectively changed speeds to win 284 games. Cast in the same mold as finesse artists like Catfish Hunter and Robin Roberts, Jenkins forged an impressive 3.34 ERA despite playing 12 of his 19 seasons in hitters’ ballparks – Wrigley Field and Fenway Park. A diligent workhorse, Jenkins used an easy, uncomplicated motion to reach the 20-win mark seven times and capture the National League Cy Young Award in 1971.

National Baseball Hall of Fame

… of Herman Cain, 66.

… of Ted Nugent, 63.

… of Wendie Malick. Just shoot her, she’s 61.

… of Ben Bernanke. The chairman of the Federal Reserve is 58.

… of Steve Buscemi. The actor who portrayed the creepy Tony Blundetto (Tony Soprano’s cousin) and the even creepier Carl Showalter in Fargo is 54.

… of Johnny Whitaker. That would be Buffy’s brother Jody on Family Affair. He’s 52. Kathy Garver, the actress who played his older sister Cissy on that show, is 66 today.

… of coaches and twin brothers Rex and Rob Ryan. They are 98 today.

… of sportscaster Mike Tirico, 45 today.

… of Jamie Foxx. The Oscar-winner is 44.

… of Nebraska football coach Bo Pelini, also 44 today.

… of Taylor Swift, 22.

Mary Ann Todd was born on this date in 1818. After she married in 1842, she was Mary Todd Lincoln. Mrs. Lincoln had four sons; three died at ages 3 (1850), 11 (1862) and 18 (1871). Her husband was murdered while sitting next to her. By 1875 she was committed to a mental institution due to her grief and erratic behavior, and though released in 1876, her relationship with son Robert (by then an attorney in his thirties) was estranged. Mary Todd Lincoln died in 1882, age 63.

On the Twelfth Day of December

In addition to Frank Sinatra (1915) and Edvard Munch (1863), today is the birthday

… of Bob Barker. C’mon down, he’s 88.

… of Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Bob Pettit. He is 79. He was NBA MVP four times.

… of Connie Francis. Do you suppose she’s still trying to get to where the boys are at 73?

… of Dionne Warwick. Perhaps she’d just as soon walk on by her 71st birthday.

… of Dickey Betts. The member of the Allman Brothers band is 68.

… of two-time Indy winner, Formula One and CART champion Emerson Fittipaldi. The Brazilian driver now spends most of his time in the fast lane with his right blinker on at age 65.

… of Cathy Rigby. The Olympic gymnast (1968, 1972) is 59.

… of Tracy Austin. The one-time tennis prodigy at 16 is now 49.

… of Oscar-winner Jennifer Connelly. She’s 41.

… of Edward G. Robinson, born on this date in 1893. The actor, born Emanuel Goldenberg in Bucharest, Romania, was known primarily for portraying gangsters such as Rico in Little Caesar and Rocco in Key Largo. AFI considered him one of the greatest male stars of the 20th century. I saw him playing baccarat in Las Vegas in the mid-60s. His stack was $500 bills. (Bills larger than $100 were last printed in 1945 and withdrawn from circulation beginning in 1969.)

William Lloyd Garrison was born on this date in 1805. Garrison was the editor of The Liberator, the most prominent abolitionist newspaper, and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

John Jay by Gilbert Stuart

John Jay was born on this date in 1745. Jay, a delegate from New York, served in the First and Second Continental Congresses. During the War for Independence Jay served as president of the Continental Congress, minister plenipotentiary to Spain, and peace commissioner (in which he negotiated vital treaties with Spain and France). He was Secretary of Foreign Affairs under the Articles of Confederation. During the ratification of the Constitution, Jay was author of the Federalist Papers, along with Madison and Hamilton. He was the first Chief Justice of the United States. While Chief Justice, Jay negotiated a vital, though flawed treaty with Great Britain in 1794, the Jay Treaty. I guess he qualifies as a Founding Father.

Scotts Bluff National Monument (Nebraska)

… was so designated on this date in 1919. It is one of five National Park Service sites in Nebraska.

Scotts Bluff

Towering eight hundred feet above the North Platte River, Scotts Bluff has been a natural landmark for many peoples, and it served as the path marker for those on the Oregon, California, Mormon, and Pony Express Trails.

Scotts Bluff National Monument preserves 3,000 acres of unusual land formations which rise over the otherwise flat prairieland below.

Scotts Bluff National Monument

‘s’

The first radio transmission across the Atlantic was received by Guglielmo Marconi on this date in 1901 (Cornwall, England, to Newfoundland). The message consisted of Morse code for the letter “s”.

That would be dot-dot-dot.

Which is better than a lot of stuff on the airwaves 110 years later.

There is some uncertainty about Marconi’s claim. There were no disinterested observers. The distance was approximately 2,200 miles. The antenna in Newfoundland was a large kite.

La Virgen de Guadalupe

Today is the 480th anniversary of the appearance of La Virgen de Guadalupe on the cloak of Juan Diego.

Click Image for Larger Version

Guadalupe is, strictly speaking, the name of a picture, but the name was extended to the church containing the picture and to the town that grew up around the church. It makes the shrine, it occasions the devotion, it illustrates Our Lady. It is taken as representing the Immaculate Conception, being the lone figure of the woman with the sun, moon, and star accompaniments of the great apocalyptic sign with a supporting angel under the crescent. The word is Spanish Arabic, but in Mexico it may represent certain Aztec sounds.

Its tradition is long-standing and constant, and in sources both oral and written, Indian and Spanish, the account is unwavering. The Blessed Virgin appeared on Saturday 9 December 1531 to a 55 year old neophyte named Juan Diego, who was hurrying down Tepeyac hill to hear Mass in Mexico City. She sent him to Bishop Zumárraga to have a temple built where she stood. She was at the same place that evening and Sunday evening to get the bishop’s answer. The bishop did not immediately believed the messenger, had him cross-examined and watched, and he finally told him to ask the lady who said she was the mother of the true God for a sign. The neophyte agreed readily to ask for sign desired, and the bishop released him.

Juan was occupied all Monday with Bernardino, an uncle, who was dying of fever. Indian medicine had failed, and Bernardino seemed at death’s door. At daybreak on Tuesday 12 December 1531, Juan ran to nearby Saint James’s convent for a priest. To avoid the apparition and the untimely message to the bishop, he slipped round where the well chapel now stands. But the Blessed Virgin crossed down to meet him and said, “What road is this thou takest son?” A tender dialogue ensued. She reassured Juan about his uncle, to whom she also briefly appeared and instantly cured. Calling herself Holy Mary of Guadalupe she told Juan to return to the bishop. He asked the sign for the sign he required. Mary told him to go to the rocks and gather roses. Juan knew it was neither the time nor the place for roses, but he went and found them. Gathering many into the lap of his tilma, a long cloak or wrapper used by Mexican Indians, he came back. The Holy Mother rearranged the roses, and told him to keep them untouched and unseen until he reached the bishop. When he met with Zumárraga, Juan offered the sign to the bishop. As he unfolded his cloak the roses, fresh and wet with dew, fell out. Juan was startled to see the bishop and his attendants kneeling before him. The life size figure of the Virgin Mother, just as Juan had described her, was glowing on the tilma. The picture was venerated, guarded in the bishop’s chapel, and soon after carried in procession to the preliminary shrine.

The coarsely woven material of the tilme which bears the picture is as thin and open as poor sacking. It is made of vegetable fibre, probably maguey. It consists of two strips, about seventy inches long by eighteen wide, held together by weak stitching. The seam is visible up the middle of the figure, turning aside from the face. Painters have not understood the laying on of the colours. They have deposed that the “canvas” was not only unfit but unprepared, and they have marvelled at apparent oil, water, distemper, etc. colouring in the same figure. They are left in equal admiration by the flower-like tints and the abundant gold. They and other artists find the proportions perfect for a maiden of fifteen. The figure and the attitude are of one advancing. There is flight and rest in the eager supporting angel. The chief colours are deep gold in the rays and stars, blue green in the mantle, and rose in the flowered tunic.

(The Catholic Community Forum, taken from a 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia article)